11 reasons to love Chongqing

There are a lot of reasons to fall in love with the city of Chongqing, this seductive mixture of Beijing, Hong Kong and L.A. …

1. Not all buildings are finished

2. Disc shaped buildings on top of other ones

3. The city combines flyovers, skyscrapers and neon in an unpolished way

4. Double elevated highways constructed over buildings

5. Mountains with Swiss villas

6. Super elevated highways!

7. That in some views, without too much effort, it is possible to see only concrete, and a pool

8. …or only concrete..

9. ..and more …

10. ..and even more..

11. That the bridge over the Jianling river seems tiny but is in fact huge.

Today we were back in the city we liked from the very moment we saw her…take a look…need we say more..?

Comparing urbanization in China and India - McKinsey Quarterly - Economic Studies - Country Reports

The McKinsey Quarterly published an article by Richard Dobbs and Shirish Sankhe in which they compare urbanization in China and India. The nice thing about consultants - also these ones - is that they love figures. Some excerpts of the article:

from 2005 to 2025, India will need to add 700 million to 900 million square meters of floor space a year; in China, the required numbers could be 1,600 million to 1,900 million square meters.

..and..

During the same period, India will need to add at least 350 to 400 kilometers of metropolitan railways and subways annually, while the corresponding number in China will be closer to 1,000 kilometers.

..moreover..

While India spends $17 per capita on capital investments in urban infrastructure annually, China spends $116.

But there is also more qualitative analysis:

While India has barely paid attention to its urban transformation, China has developed a set of internally consistent practices across every element of the urbanization operating model: funding, governance, planning, sectoral policies, and the shape, or pattern, of urbanization, both across the nation as a whole and within cities themselves.

Read the whole article here: Comparing urbanization in China and India - McKinsey Quarterly - Economic Studies - Country Reports.

Beijing starts gating, locking migrant villages - Yahoo News

Gang Xia Village, Shenzhen

AP reports about villages of migrant workers in Beijing being closed off during nighttime. The reason for this radical move? Crime:

It’s Beijing’s latest effort to reduce rising crime often blamed on the millions of rural Chinese migrating to cities for work. The capital’s Communist Party secretary wants the approach promoted citywide. But some state media and experts say the move not only looks bad but imposes another layer of control on the already stigmatized, vulnerable migrants.

Urban villages are rural communities, incorporated by cities. You can find them all over China: former farmers reacted pragmatic to the expanding city by constructing cheap housing for migrants. The Chinese government is not very fond of the villages, and wants to break them down - because they don’t fit in the image of a modern city.

Closing them off is a reflex with a historic meaning:

Gating has been an easy and effective way to control population throughout Chinese history, said Huang, the geography professor. In past centuries, some walled cities would impose curfews and close their gates overnight. In the first decades of communist rule, the desire for top-down organization and control showed in work-unit compounds, usually guarded and enclosed.

However, there is a difference:

“To put it crudely, gated communities in the city are a way for the upper middle-class and urban rich to keep out trespassers, whereas gated villages represent a way for the state to ‘keep in’ or contain the problem of ‘migrant workers’ who live in these villages,” Pow Choon-Pieu, an assistant professor of geography at the National University of Singapore who has studied the issue, said in an e-mail.

Read the whole story here: Beijing starts gating, locking migrant villages - Yahoo News.

Moving Westwards

The New York Times reports about investments in China’s Far West:

At a conference this week, Chinese officials called the investment in western China a strategic move, designed to raise the living standards of the region’s people and shift growth away from China’s prosperous coastal areas.

The areas include Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, North China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Southwest China’s Tibet autonomous region, and Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.

via Spending for Stability in China’s Far West - NYTimes.com.

And not only the government is moving westwards. Also electronics manufacturer Foxconn - moves westwards, to Zhengzhou that is:

Foxconn and senior officials of Zhenzhou and Henan are working on the details of an agreement to build the plant, said a spokesman for the municipal government.

The first phase of the plant will measure 133 (!!) hectares.

The new plant is to employ 300,000 people in the long run. About 100,000 people are to be recruited in the near future, said a recruitment advertisement on the official website of Henan’s Hebi city.

China News: China’s Urban Dwellers to Exceed Rural Population | China Digital Times (CDT)

China News: China’s Urban Dwellers to Exceed Rural Population | China Digital Times (CDT).

Writing chapter Xi’an…work in progress….

Forum on Factory Protests on NYT

The website of the New York Times has an interesting discussion on the recent problems at Foxconn and Honda in Southern China, and their backgrounds. NYT asked several specialists to give their opinions on what is happening in ‘the factory of the world’. Amongst them Yasheng Huang, professor of economics at MIT and author of the eye-opening book ‘Capitalism with Chinese Charactaristics’, about the role of the state in the Chinese economy.

Some quotes from Huangs comment on China’s labor situation:

The labor income share of Chinese G.D.P. declined from 57 percent in 1983 to only 37 percent in 2005. (…) This is to say that hundreds of millions of Chinese workers have lost relative to government and corporations, which, in terms of head counts, represent a tiny fraction of China’s massive population.

Some have argued that the U.S. firms need not worry because the labor component of their production costs is small. This is simply not true. U.S. firms themselves may not have a high labor component in their cost structure but their suppliers — and their suppliers — do. American firms, which sit at the top of the food chain, depend heavily on the labor-intensive operations down below.

Another specialist writing on the NYT forum is Leslie Chang, author of the famous book ‘Factory Girls‘, about workers in a factory in Donguan, Guangdong province. Some of her comments:

The new generation came of age when migration was already an accepted path to a better life. Younger and better educated than their predecessors, they are motivated less by the poverty of the countryside than by the opportunity of the city.

Although this generation of migrants is more demanding, that does not necessarily translate into more organized protests. Chinese workers are above all pragmatic, and the prospect of joining a large-scale demonstration seems risky and futile to most.

The universe of the factory can be a complicated place. Young people living away from home for the first time are learning to deal with co-workers, roommates, and bosses. They are adjusting to a world of material and sexual freedom, fleeting relationships and crushing loneliness. They face demands from families back home who often have little understanding of their new lives. These factors create a stressful environment from which, for a handful of workers, suicide seems the only escape. To boil this desperate act down to a protest against working conditions is to deny a worker’s complexity and humanity.

Read the whole forum here.

CNN: Foxconn to scrap China ‘factory town’ model

Interesting update on the Foxconn news on CNN today: the CEO announced that they:

are going to return these social functions to the government”.

Obviously, this is a big step in the way Taiwan and Hong Kong manufacturers are doing business in China - and it will have major impact on the physical city as well. Read the whole story here.

Suicides, wages rise and moving westwards

The recent weeks, the Chinese news has been dominated by one very sad issue: the suicides at the Foxconn factories in Shenzhen in Southern Guangdong province. Foxconn is a 800,000 people company from Taiwan, producing electronics for HP, Dell and Apple. Foxconns 400,000 people factory in Shenzhen has been hit by a series of suicides during the last months. Some argue that the suicides are the consequence of the harsh regime in the factory where working 100 hours of overtime is default, where others try to put things in perspective by saying that the number of suicides in the city-sized factory is lower than the average in China.

The company’s first reaction to the suicides was not too subtle, with their CEO Terry Gou explaining that he worked 15 hours per day, and expected his workers to do the same. Later, the company reacted more 21st century-like, by opening its doors, and also practical by installing 1.5 million square meter of safety nets around the buildings  in the campus. Now, wages are also increased in the factory by 33%.

And Foxconn is not the only one, also Honda is raising its wages with 24% after a strike last week.

Yesterday, Foxconn announced another raise:

In announcing the wage increase late Sunday, the company, a unit of Taiwan’s Hon Hai Precision Industry Company, said that within three months the basic salaries of many of its 800,000 workers in China could reach nearly $300 a month, about double what many were earning a few weeks ago.

The increase is the strongest sign yet that labor costs are soaring in China’s biggest manufacturing centers and that consumers in other countries may eventually be forced to pay more for a wide range of goods that are made here.

This combined with the increase of the value of the Yuan, leads to a raise of the costs of products worldwide, analyzes the New York Times. It might make it necessary for companies to move their business. Either to Vietnam, Bangladesh, or to western China:

Pietra Rivoli, a professor of international business at Georgetown University and the author of “The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy,” says the effects of rising labor costs will vary by industry, perhaps with lower-valued goods like garments being forced to move to western China or even to Vietnam and Bangladesh.

UPDATE 06/09:

The NYT reported that another strike hit the Honda factories in China, and this proves the increased bargaining power of the Chinese workers. The article mentions the improving inland job prospects as the reason for the labor shortage in the coastal areas.

However, the writers underestimate the size of the Foxconn campuses in our opinion:

The campus has high-rise dormitories, a hospital, a fire department, an Internet cafe and even restaurants and bank branches.

Come on, there are 300,000 people living there! Of course they have restaurants…

In China’s Land Rush, Rights Are Often Trampled - NYTimes.com

In China’s Land Rush, Rights Are Often Trampled - NYTimes.com.

Lecture Go West at Tongji University, May 19

How does Kunming deal with its history?
Where in Shijiazhuang can you find farmers?
What is the relation between modern architecture and urban villages in Lanzhou?

The Go West Project tries to answer these and more questions in a lecture at  Tongji University / College of Architecture and Urban Planning, this Wednesday. The lecture will give an overview of urbanization in China, and will deeper go into three phenomena in three different cities in central and western China.

DETAILS

May 19, 10.00 AM

College of Architecture and Urban Planning of Tongji University
Auditorium Hall, Building B
1239 Siping Road
Shanghai
Read the rest of this entry »

Ordos: bubble or unique condition?

Although not in the list of ‘Go West’ cities, Ordos is one of the most interesting places in China. The city, in the heart of Inner Mongolia, became rich due to the coal mining industry and, according to Merrill Lynch economist Ting Lu:

‘Its gross domestic product has grown a “staggering” 25% a year over the last eight years’, which is more than twice as fast as the national average. (..) Its per-capita GDP of $21,600 is more than twice than of Beijing’.

The Ordos Government ‘has tried to keep the coal wealth closer to home’, by developing a new city next to the existing one. As many new cities in China, the new part of Ordos, called Kangbashi, is still empty. Read the rest of this entry »

China News: Han Han 韩寒 Comes in at Number Two in Time 100 Poll | China Digital Times CDT

Picture: Tony Law / Redux for TIME

Han Han is a Shanghainese guy who has the rare professional combination of being a race-car driver, novelist and blogger. After dropping out of high school, he wrote a couple of essays, and a novel. In 2006, he started his blog, which is well written, humorous and critical; his sharp reaction on the CCTV fire last year is both very witty and intelligent: Read the rest of this entry »

…judge it on its content!

After a week of hard core graphic design work, designstudio Job, Joris & Marieke delivered a first dummy of the Go West book. The dummy is a schizophrenic combination of Dutch and English. However, the book will be published in English. Take a sneak preview here:

Read the rest of this entry »

Singapore Exports Its Government Expertise in Urban Planning - NYTimes.com

We often heard about Hong Kong and Singapore being examples for China’s urban development. In Tianjin the state of Singapore now literally exports its knowledge, to build up an eco city:

Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City is a $22 billion effort to turn an expanse of nonarable salt pan and deserted beaches into a 30-square-kilometer, or 11.5-square-mile, urban area southeast of Tianjin. For China, the project is intended to showcase resource-efficient technologies and serve as a model for other new cities in the country.

It seems the Singapore strategy is literally an export product; a model that other countries want to adopt. Wong Kai Yeng, group director of Singapore’s Urban Redevelopment Authority International, says in the New York Times article about the subject:

“In the past 40 years, we’ve acquired a good reputation for our design and master plan for urban development. A lot of cities have come here asking us how we did it, and how we got where we are in this short span of time.”

Read the article: Singapore Exports Its Government Expertise in Urban Planning - NYTimes.com.